Research

New Research Channels for Myotonia Congenita

Myotonia congenita is an inherited myopathy that prevents affected individuals from relaxing certain muscles after contracting them. The disorder causes muscle stiffness but not atrophy or shrinkage. On the contrary, it often leads to larger, stronger muscles.There are two types of myotonia congenita: Becker disease and Thomsen disease. The Becker type is inherited as an autosomal recessive trait, meaning it is produced when both parents contribute a defective gene. Becker is the more common and more severe form of the disease. It generally shows up between ages 4 and 12, though in rare cases it may occur as late as age 18. Symptoms tend to worsen over time.

The Search for Inclusion-Body Myositis Treatment

Inclusion-body myositis (IBM) is one of the most common disabling inflammatory myopathies in older adults, but its underlying cause is poorly understood.IBM is characterized by progressive muscle weakness and wasting. In patients with the disease, inflammatory cells invade muscle tissue and collect between the muscle fibers. Muscle biopsies of patients diagnosed with IBM reveal multiple “inclusion bodies” containing cellular material of dead tissue.

The Way of the Future

As the novel coronavirus pandemic has called for vigilance in health safety measures such as social distancing — especially for people with neuromuscular disease who are at higher risk for severe illness related to COVID-19 — many of us have had to rethink how we do what we need to do. We’ve adjusted how we see our families and friends, how we get food and medicine, and how we continue care with therapists and physicians who, themselves, may work in high-risk locations.

The Expanding Therapeutic Landscape for Myasthenia Gravis

Myasthenia gravis (MG) is an autoimmune disease that leads to muscle weakness. It affects about 14 to 20 out of every 100,000 people. The age of onset varies widely, but typically it is diagnosed in women in their 20s and 30s and men in their 60s or later. In about 10% to 15% of cases, MG begins in childhood.

Expanding Access to Genetic Testing

Genetic testing plays an important role in diagnosing, treating, and managing neuromuscular disease. “Genetic testing can shorten the time to diagnosis and prevent misdiagnosis of muscular dystrophies,” says Robert Nussbaum, MD, chief medical officer of Invitae, a leader in advanced medical genetics. “An earlier, accurate diagnosis can facilitate earlier interventions, alert physicians about potential complications, allow genetic counseling of family members, and support clinical research into neuromuscular diseases.”

Pompe Disease Treatment Is Moving Forward

Pompe disease (also called acid maltase deficiency) is a rare, inherited glycogen storage disease that affects the muscles, particularly the heart and skeletal muscles. It results from mutations in a gene that carries instructions to make the enzyme acid alpha-glucosidase (GAA), also called acid maltase, which plays a role in the body’s ability to process and break down complex sugars (glycogen). With insufficient GAA, glycogen builds up in and damages muscle cells.

The Importance of Genetic Testing

Kelly Berger, 31, of Cincinnati, spent most of her life chasing a diagnosis. When she was 3, her parents noticed that, although she reached physical milestones for her age, she did them in unusual ways. For example, to step up, she pushed off her thighs with her hands, and she preferred crawling on stairs to walking them. Her parents took her to a neurologist and, after bloodwork, an electromyography (EMG), and a muscle biopsy, she received a diagnosis of spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) type 3. That was in the early 1990s, when fewer types of neuromuscular disease were understood.

Outside the Lab

Michael Lo Sapio, father of Mikey, 7, and Reid, 5, proudly admits that he’s pushy. Both his boys live with Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD), which causes progressive muscle degeneration and weakness beginning in early childhood. People with DMD typically live to their late teens or early 20s.These facts are grim, but being pushy means not accepting the statistics without a fight. For Michael — and many people living with neuromuscular diseases — one way to push back on the numbers is by participating in research.

Targeting Genes

Until the 1980s, little was known about the cause of any neuromuscular disease. In 1986, MDA-supported researchers identified a single gene on the X chromosome that leads to Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) when it is mutated (flawed). In 1987, the protein associated with that gene was identified and named dystrophin. Lack of the dystrophin protein in muscle cells causes them to be fragile and easily damaged.

The State of Gene-Targeted Therapies

The first full day of MDA’s Clinical & Scientific Conference included a highly anticipated session that took a deep dive into gene-targeted therapies. Experts discussed how gene-replacement, gene-silencing and gene-editing therapies are being studied and tested for treating patients with a variety of neuromuscular diseases (NMDs).

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